Cách Kiểm Tra Hệ Điều Hành và Phiên Bản Linux - Ubuntu, Amazon Linux

cat /etc/os-release

PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS"
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION_ID="24.04"
VERSION="24.04.4 LTS (Noble Numbat)"
VERSION_CODENAME=noble
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
UBUNTU_CODENAME=noble
LOGO=ubuntu-logo

NAME="Amazon Linux"
VERSION="2023"
ID="amzn"
ID_LIKE="fedora"
VERSION_ID="2023"
PLATFORM_ID="platform:al2023"
PRETTY_NAME="Amazon Linux 2023.10.20260330"
ANSI_COLOR="0;33"
CPE_NAME="cpe:2.3:o:amazon:amazon_linux:2023"
HOME_URL="https://aws.amazon.com/linux/amazon-linux-2023/"
DOCUMENTATION_URL="https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://github.com/amazonlinux/amazon-linux-2023"
VENDOR_NAME="AWS"
VENDOR_URL="https://aws.amazon.com/"
SUPPORT_END="2029-06-30"

hostnamectl

 Static hostname: ip-172-31-6-31
       Icon name: computer-vm
         Chassis: vm 🖴
      Machine ID: ec2a0a4efd8e054ac0ce640a20f2d5ef
         Boot ID: f89c5b5145cd4bbdbab807568343ab3f
  Virtualization: xen
Operating System: Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS
          Kernel: Linux 6.17.0-1007-aws
    Architecture: x86-64
 Hardware Vendor: Xen
  Hardware Model: HVM domU
Firmware Version: 4.11.amazon
   Firmware Date: Thu 2006-08-24
    Firmware Age: 19y 7month 2w

 Static hostname: ip-172-31-3-130.ap-southeast-2.compute.internal
       Icon name: computer-vm
         Chassis: vm 🖴
      Machine ID: ec2e75e7a827cb0d4a6c322b72c1623c
         Boot ID: 2d38d00c93da41d782be34bb62f0f8e1
  Virtualization: xen
Operating System: Amazon Linux 2023.10.20260330
     CPE OS Name: cpe:2.3:o:amazon:amazon_linux:2023
          Kernel: Linux 6.1.166-197.305.amzn2023.x86_64
    Architecture: x86-64
 Hardware Vendor: Xen
  Hardware Model: HVM domU
Firmware Version: 4.11.amazon

lsb_release -a

No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID:	Ubuntu
Description:	Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS
Release:	24.04
Codename:	noble

$ lsb_release -a
-bash: lsb_release: command not found

sudo apt install lsb-release

sudo dnf install redhat-lsb-core

uname -a

Linux ip-172-31-6-31 6.17.0-1007-aws #7~24.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jan 22 21:04:49 UTC 2026 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

Linux ip-172-31-3-130.ap-southeast-2.compute.internal 6.1.166-197.305.amzn2023.x86_64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Mon Mar 23 09:53:26 UTC 2026 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

uname -s   # Tên kernel: Linux
uname -n   # Hostname
uname -r   # Kernel release (version)
uname -m   # Machine hardware (x86_64, aarch64,...)
uname -p   # Processor type
uname -o   # OS: GNU/Linux

cat /etc/issue

Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS \n \l

cat /proc/version

# Ubuntu
Linux version 6.17.0-1007-aws (buildd@lcy02-amd64-034) (x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-13 (Ubuntu 13.3.0-6ubuntu2~24.04) 13.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.42) #7~24.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jan 22 21:04:49 UTC 2026

# Amazon Linux 2023
Linux version 6.1.166-197.305.amzn2023.x86_64 (mockbuild@ip-10-70-1-141.ap-southeast-2.compute.internal) (gcc (GCC) 11.4.1 20230605 (Red Hat 11.4.1-2), GNU ld version 2.39-6.amzn2023.0.2) #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Mon Mar 23 09:53:26 UTC 2026

# Ubuntu
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian        # Thuộc họ Debian

# Amazon Linux 2023
ID="amzn"
ID_LIKE="fedora"      # Thuộc họ Fedora/RHEL

# Ubuntu 24.04 trên EC2
Kernel: Linux 6.17.0-1007-aws

# Amazon Linux 2023 trên EC2
Kernel: Linux 6.1.166-197.305.amzn2023.x86_64

# Ubuntu EC2: dạng ngắn
ip-172-31-6-31

# Amazon Linux 2023 EC2: dạng FQDN
ip-172-31-3-130.ap-southeast-2.compute.internal

#!/bin/bash

# Đọc thông tin OS từ /etc/os-release
if [ -f /etc/os-release ]; then
    . /etc/os-release
    OS=$NAME
    VERSION=$VERSION_ID
    ID_LIKE_VAL=${ID_LIKE:-$ID}  # Dùng ID nếu ID_LIKE không có
else
    echo "Không tìm thấy /etc/os-release"
    exit 1
fi

echo "Hệ điều hành: $OS"
echo "Phiên bản: $VERSION"

# Detect package manager dựa trên họ distro
if echo "$ID_LIKE_VAL" | grep -q "debian"; then
    PKG_MANAGER="apt"
    echo "Package manager: apt (Debian-based)"
elif echo "$ID_LIKE_VAL" | grep -qE "fedora|rhel|amzn"; then
    PKG_MANAGER="dnf"
    echo "Package manager: dnf (RHEL-based)"
else
    echo "Không xác định được package manager"
    exit 1
fi

# Ví dụ cài đặt package
# $PKG_MANAGER install -y <package-name>

Hệ điều hành: Ubuntu
Phiên bản: 24.04
Package manager: apt (Debian-based)

Hệ điều hành: Amazon Linux
Phiên bản: 2023
Package manager: dnf (RHEL-based)

# Cách 1: Kiểm tra file đặc trưng
ls /etc/debian_version 2>/dev/null && echo "Debian/Ubuntu" || echo "Không phải Debian"
ls /etc/redhat-release 2>/dev/null && echo "RHEL/Amazon Linux" || echo "Không phải RHEL"

# Cách 2: Dùng os-release (khuyến nghị)
grep -E "^(NAME|VERSION_ID|ID)=" /etc/os-release

# Cách 3: Kiểm tra package manager nào có sẵn
command -v apt &>/dev/null && echo "apt available (Ubuntu/Debian)"
command -v dnf &>/dev/null && echo "dnf available (Amazon Linux/RHEL/Fedora)"
command -v yum &>/dev/null && echo "yum available (older RHEL/CentOS)"

cat /etc/os-release && echo "---" && uname -r